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Ultraviolet light is an invisible light in the spectrum that is outside the violet light and has a wavelength less than violet. Its wavelength is 400-180 nm. The quantum light energy is high and has obvious photochemical effects.

Medical ultraviolet light is divided into three sections: 1 long-wave ultraviolet (400~320nm); 2 medium-wave ultraviolet (320~250nm); 3 short-wave ultraviolet (250~180nm). The sun contains a lot of ultraviolet rays, but the atmosphere almost absorbs the short-wave ultraviolet rays, so only long- and medium-wave ultraviolet rays are radiated to the ground. Duanbo UV is reliably obtained by artificial light source.

The biological role of ultraviolet light

1 erythema reaction: after a certain dose of ultraviolet light is irradiated to the skin, after a certain period of time, the boundary of the skin is exposed to a clear and uniform hyperemia reaction. The absorption of ultraviolet light by the skin is related to its wavelength. The shorter the ultraviolet wavelength, the shallower the depth of penetration into the skin. Therefore, most of the short-wave ultraviolet and medium-long-wave ultraviolet rays are absorbed by the stratum corneum and the spinous cell layer of the skin. The erythema reaction must take place after a certain period of time after UV irradiation, which is the incubation period. The length of the incubation period is related to the wavelength of the ultraviolet light. Long-wave ultraviolet erythema has a long incubation period of 4 to 6 hours. Short-wave ultraviolet erythema has a short incubation period of 1,5 to 2 hours. The erythema reaction peaks at 12 to 24 hours and then gradually decreases. The essence of ultraviolet erythema is a kind of actinic dermatitis, which belongs to non-specific inflammation. There are four theories about the mechanism by which ultraviolet rays produce erythema: one is histamine. The degeneration and decomposing effect of ultraviolet light on tissue proteins causes the histidine in the tissue to decompose, forming histamine and releasing histamine, causing dermal papillary capillary dilation and permeability enhancement, which is manifested by skin congestion and erythema reaction. However, the formation of erythema is not a simple histamine; ultraviolet rays act on the lysosomal membrane of spine cells, releasing various enzymes such as hydrolase, causing protein decomposition and vasodilation to form erythema; prostaglandins are important active substances that cause ultraviolet erythema. While kinin and histamine are cofactors; ultraviolet light denatures vascular endothelial cells, leading to the production of kinins and erythema.

The erythema is dilated, the blood pressure is lowered, the leukocytosis is increased, the phagocytic capacity is enhanced, and the immunity is significantly improved. Therefore, ultraviolet radiation has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, analgesic and anti-infective effects; it can also accelerate tissue regeneration and can be used for chronic ulcers with unhealed wounds. It has a good effect on rheumatoid inflammation of muscles and nerves or superficial acute and chronic suppurative inflammation, but tuberculous inflammation can aggravate the spread of lesions and should not be used.

After a certain dose of ultraviolet radiation, different degrees of skin pigmentation may occur after a certain period of time. The melanin is strong after long-wave ultraviolet irradiation, and the pigmentation is weak after short-wave ultraviolet irradiation. Melanin combines with free electrons generated by photochemical processes of the skin under ultraviolet light and other chemical free radicals to prevent damage to the body. The mechanism of skin pigmentation is that ultraviolet light can act on the pituitary-adrenal cortex system to enhance the secretion of melanocyte stimulating hormone, thereby promoting the melanin particles in the melanocytes (the secretory cells between the epidermis and the dermis) from a reduced state to an oxidized state. Strengthen the phagocytosis of melanin particles by epidermal cells and strengthen skin pigmentation. The use of ultraviolet pigmentation can treat vitiligo, especially long-wave UV and photosensitizers.

2 The effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Ultraviolet rays can convert 7-dehydrocholesterol into human vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and bone calcification. It can treat rickets in children and rickets in adults. In addition, the role of calcium ions in reducing vascular permeability and neuronal excitability can alleviate allergic reactions and is one of the mechanisms of UV desensitization.

3 Adjust and improve the functions of nervous, endocrine, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, blood, immune and other systems.

4 UV sterilization: DNA is mainly found in the chromosome of the nucleus, which is the core of cell reproduction, development and growth. DNA has a strong absorption of medium and short-wave ultraviolet rays. Therefore, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 220 to 300 nm have a bactericidal action. The use of ultraviolet light sterilization can disinfect and clean wounds and treat various infections such as skin, mucous membranes, wounds, sinuses and fistulas.

Large doses of UV light can cause RNA damage, protein breakdown and protein denaturation, consistent with DNA damage, and are one of the mechanisms for UV disinfection and cleaning of wounds. The use of photosensitizers to enhance the inhibition of DNA and RNA by ultraviolet rays can treat proliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis.

In addition, when the ultraviolet light reaches a certain intensity, it can destroy histidine, methionine, tyrosine, etc. These amino acids are the active centers of the enzyme, and once destroyed, the enzyme function is lost, thereby affecting the cell function, which is also one of the ultraviolet sterilization mechanisms.

5 The sensitivity of the body to ultraviolet light is often affected by a variety of factors (season, age, skin color, physical condition, medication, etc.). In the spring, the body is more sensitive to ultraviolet light and the lowest in summer. People, athletes, peasants, students, and military personnel who often work outdoors are less sensitive to ultraviolet light, and those who work indoors, in tunnels, etc. are highly sensitive. Adolescents are highly sensitive to UV light and have low sensitivity to young children and the elderly. Skin pigmentation is sensitive, and skin color is low. Women have high sensitivity before menstruation and low sensitivity after menstruation. High sensitivity during pregnancy and low sensitivity after delivery. The body is well-nourished and the sensitivity is low. Patients with tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, eczema, lupus erythematosus, acute myocarditis, acute nephritis, malignant tumors, porphyria, niacin deficiency, etc. have increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light; and patients with chronic diseases, hypothyroidism, and nervous system injuries are sensitive Sexually low. UV sensitivity is also different after taking different drugs. Such as vitamin B1, sulfa drugs, chlorpromazine, promethazine, griseofulvin, tetracycline, hydrochlorothiazide, etc. can increase the sensitivity to ultraviolet light. The sensitivity of various parts of the body to ultraviolet light is also different. The sensitivity of the trunk, chest and abdomen is high, and the sensitivity of the face, neck, hands and feet is low.

Pathological effect of ultraviolet light

It has carcinogenic (skin cancer) and photoallergic effects (the photoallergic agents in the body work together with light to damage the body tissues). Therefore, UV workers should protect the eyes and skin, using photoprotective agents (such as phenolic substances) or wearing gloves and protective glasses.

Clinical application of ultraviolet light

Sub-prevention applications and therapeutic applications. In the epidemic period of cold, flu, whooping cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria, rheumatic fever, etc., the patient can reduce the symptoms by ultraviolet rays, and the health of people, especially children, has a preventive effect. Ultraviolet radiation also has the effect of preventing rickets. Ultraviolet treatment with argon mercury quartz tube.

The indication for therapeutic use is

1 medical diseases, such as respiratory diseases, including chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma and tuberculosis. For patients with tuberculosis, the dose should be small and gradually increased. When the body temperature exceeds 37.5 ��C or hemoptysis, the irradiation is stopped.

2 surgical diseases, such as trauma, burns, subcutaneous suppurative inflammation, post-operative infection, lymphadenitis, mastitis, erysipelas and so on.

3 neuropsychiatric diseases, such as peripheral neuritis, polyneuritis, neuralgia, neurosis, etc. can be treated with sub-erythroid or erythema.

4 dermatological disorders, such as skin suppuration, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, alopecia areata, eczema, vitiligo, etc. After the ultraviolet rays are irradiated, the activity of the enzyme in the tissue is increased, the metabolism of the substance is enhanced, the inflammatory exudation is absorbed, the herpes is regressed, and the analgesic effect and the secondary infection are prevented.

5 gynecological diseases, such as attachment inflammation, cervicitis, vaginitis.

6 pediatric diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia, rickets and so on.

7 ENT diseases, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis externa and so on.

Contraindications are

Severe heart and kidney disease, active tuberculosis, photosensitivity disease, poisoning with fever, acute tumors.

Ultraviolet radiation doses are commonly measured by biological dosimetry (the time required for UV-irradiated skin to produce minimal erythema is a biological dose). Ultraviolet irradiation can be divided into whole body irradiation and local irradiation. The local irradiation dose is usually calculated by the amount of sub-erythema (no erythema reaction in the naked eye) and the amount of erythema (the erythema reaction is visible to the naked eye).