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Vitiligo is an acquired sudden loss of the inherited skin color. Despite its long recognition, the cause of this disorder is still unknown. The loss of skin color yields white patches of various sizes, which can be localized anywhere on the body. The disease affects people of all races, men and women, and all age groups. It may appear at any age; cases have been reported as early as 6 weeks after birth and after 80 years of age.

Vitiligo is not a contagious disease, however is is a difficult condition to tolerate, being more often a psychologically devastating disease, especially in darker skinned individuals, in whom it is more easily noticeable. The actual cause of vitiligo is under debate and has been attributed to autoimmune causes, oxidative stress, and/or a neurogenic disturbance. These terms will be explained later on.

In other terms, vitiligo is a skin and/or mucosal disorder characterized by white patches, often, but not always, symmetrical, which usually increase in size with time, corresponding to a substantial loss of functioning epidermal and sometimes hair follicle melanocytes. It may occur in a unilateral distribution or may be generalized.